Mechanisms of Motor Development Essay

The mechanisms involved in motor development involve some genetic components that determine the physical size of body parts at a given age, as well as aspects of muscle and bone strength. The main areas of the brain involved in motor skills are the frontal cortex, parietal cortex and basal ganglia. The dorsolateral frontal cortex is responsible for strategic processing. The parietal cortex is important in controlling perceptual-motor integration and the basal ganglia and supplementary motor cortex are responsible for motor sequences. Nutrition and exercise also determine strength and therefore the ease and accuracy with which a body part can be moved. Flexibility is also impacted by nutrition and exercise as well. It has also been shown that the frontal lobe develops posterio-anteriorally (from back to front). This is significant in motor development because the hind portion of the frontal lobe is known to control motor functions. This form of development is known as â€Å"Portional Development† and explains why motor functions develop relatively quickly during normal childhood development, while logic, which is controlled by the middle and front portions of the frontal lobe, usually will not develop until late childhood and early adolescence. Opportunities to carry out movements help establish the abilities to flex (move toward the trunk) and extend body parts, both capacities are necessary for good motor ability. Skilled voluntary movements such as passing objects from hand to hand develop as a result of practice and learning. Mastery Climate is a suggested successful learning environment for children to promote motor skills by their own motivation. This promotes participation and active learning in children, which according to Piaget’s developmental theory is extremely important in early childhood rule.

Respecting the environment Essay

Respected Principal and teachers, my dear friends. Assalaam alaikum Today I am going to talk about ‘Respecting the environment’. When we talk about the environment we mean everything in the world around us that surrounds and affects all life on earth, including the air, food chains, the water cycle, plants, animals and other humans. The oxygen we breathe comes from our environment, We get water from the rain which fills our wells and sea, We get food from the plants, animals, fish and birds. We get shelter from the materials we take out of the earth and from plants that grow in the earth to make our homes. We get warmth from the sun, fire, electricity and our clothing, these all come from our planet. The planet we call mother earth. Today the human population has grown to nearly 7 billion. The main reason our environment is changing is because people are adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. The most important greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide, which is released whenever people burn fossil fuels to do everyday activities like driving cars, and making electricity. When greenhouse gases build up in the atmosphere, they cause the Earth to heat up, making our planet warmer. As a result the air we breathe gets polluted and too hot for plants and animals to survive. Our planet is changing. We need to help it change for the better and I’m asking for your help to do that!. A very simple thing you can do is to use less plastic bags. Plastic is very harmful for environment- once we use it, it will be thrown away –it then goes to the waste collection centre where it takes 500-1000 or more years for it be completely destroyed. Some people throw it to the ocean- when turtles eats it thinking its jellyfish, it kills them. It takes a lot of money and energy to destroy plastic bags, therefore, instead of plastic bags, choose to use paper bags. What else can we do? We can plant more trees. Trees are extremely important to human life on earth. Trees give us food, produces oxygen and help us to survive. But today people cut down trees to make room for new building, roads and cities. Trees are used to make newspapers, computer paper, furniture, houses and many other products. If we love planting trees instead of destroying it we could contribute in saving the environment. Did you know that planting trees help to make the ground stronger- Many islands of Maldives have weak land – if we plant more trees, we could save islands from getting completely eroded. Another very important thing we can do to help save our environment is to use less electricity. The simplest thing is to remember to turn the lights off when you leave a room! Even if you’re not using it, leaving something plugged in takes up energy from the Earth! Save Water. Water is life. Without water we cannot survive. Something as simple as turning off the water while brushing your teeth makes a HUGE difference for Planet Earth. Doing this one thing can help save up to 25 gallons of water each month! By just doing such a simple thing, you are doing a huge part to save Earth! Keep Your School Free of Garbage. The more we keep our Earth clean the happier it will be. Do your part by making sure you don’t leave your garbage lying around †¦ put it in the recycling or garbage where it belongs. Today I ask you, my dear friends to do your part to protect our environment. I ask you, my friends to be the superheroes who will protect our planet by .because I believe if the environment is safe†¦we are safe. Thank you

Madame DeFarge Essay

Screams rend the air. Your sisters husband was worked to death by the scum who call themselves nobles. Before your brother-in-law is even cold in his grave, these men take your sister away. For sport. Your father’s heart is broken, your brother outraged. You are taken away to the sea for protection, and your brother goes to seek revenge on the dogs, who took not only your family’s food and money, but your honor, which is more valuable to a poor man than all other things combined. Your brother is killed by the â€Å"nobles† and your sister dies of a broken heart, and crushed honor. What is your response to this situation. This was Madame Defarge’s situation, and her heart was turned to cold, hard pitiless stone. She nursed her hatred and bitterness. She was filled with a cold, calculating desire for revenge upon all those whom she could remotely connect to those demons who had taken everything from her and her family. She cared for no one and nothing that s tood in her way. She made them and all the other nobles pay, with oceans of blood. She gloried in her enemies downfall, and danced in their graves. Here thirst was unquenchable. She was hardened to the point of no return, and I believe she would have murdered her own husband if he stood in her way. Madame Defarge was bitter and cruel in the way she acted towards Charles Darnay and his family. She pretended that she was their friend, and she needed to see them for their protection. Instead she was just confirming them, so that she could put them on her registers of death. In her bitterness and hatred, she made the descendants of those who had wronged her responsible for their ancestors sins. She was ruthless in her killing and condemning of anyone who could be remotely connected to the aristocrats and she stopped at nothing, until they were dead. She spent hours knitting her registers, spelling out who would die, and why. She didn’t care if it was poor seamstress or the richest noble in the castle. If they were accused of being connected to the accursed race of aristocrats, they were her mortal enemies. When Darnay was supposedly on the way to his death at the guillotine, she went to see Lucie, both so she could gorge herself on Lucie’s pain, and also to make sure that Lucie and her child were at her fingertips, ready to be killed as soon as possible. She was barely stopped by Miss Pross, whom she tried to kill, but was herself killed in the attempt. Indeed, if it was not for Miss Pross, Madame Defarge’s plans would have succeeded nicely. Madame Defarge was a cold, bitter, and extremely vengeful person. Yes, she was shaped by the circumstances she was born into, but that alone did not change her into this awful person. It was the nurturing of these grudges, the careful plotting, scheming and brooding over her plans for vengeance that turned her into the dreadful wretch that she was. She was in fact, a slave to her own desire for revenge and even though it may seem that she had the victory, because she made the nobles pay. She let them steal her soul. Revenge is not victory. Reconciliation and forgiveness through Christ is victory.

A Kuwaiti Investor's Market Analysis of New York Assignment

A Kuwaiti Investor's Market Analysis of New York - Assignment Example Cultural analysis of the State of New York: New York is arguably one of the most important and famous cities in the world and has been an important center of trade for numerous years. Geographically, it lies in the north eastern region of the USA, bordered nationally by the states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, Long Island and Rhode Island. It also shares an international border with Canada in the north (Sutcliffe 67). New York’s climate is described as humid continental with diverse weather patterns across the state and at different times of the year. It has humid summers and long cold winters. Two aspects describe the topography of New York; Appalachian highlands and low lying areas where the most important cities are. New York City is situated on the coastal lowland (Silverman et al. 2). The social description of New York can begin with the family setting where it is observed that nuclear families abound in the urban and suburban areas whi le extended families reside in the rural areas. A single description for the dynamics of the family in New York is impossible given the diversity present though generally parents share the responsibility of raising children and ensuring the wellbeing of the family. In most cases especially in the cities, both parents are employed or seek jobs to take care of their family. In terms of education, New York has one of the lowest teacher-student ratios in the USA besides also being the biggest spender per student at the elementary and secondary levels (Scott, 2010). New York bears the largest public university system in the USA in State University of New York (SUNY), a series of top ranked universities covering 64 campuses, over a million students and annual enrolments of half a million students. The education system is thus well established. The political system of New York integrates into part of the federal US government and a state government (Ward 2). The state government has an exe cutive, a bicameral legislature and a judiciary (95). The urban areas are major Democrat strongholds while the non-urban areas are more inclined to Republican politics (Schneier, Murtaugh and Pole 60). The state government deals with internal affairs including state laws and bylaws, regulation of trade and law enforcement among other issues. The legal system of the state is based upon common English law (Ward 161; Manz, Gibson and Spencer 7). The Federal Trade Commission handles most patenting and marketing issues. The diet and nutrition of New Yorkers also varies according to whether one is in the urban or farmland regions. The trends in the city revolve around eating out and fast food chains are quite popular. The typical meals in this state are mainly fast foods; pizzas, French fries and burgers among similar foods. There however are other foods available from the farmlands including vegetables such as lettuce and whole meals but all constraints in the supply chain mean that most urban New Yorkers can only access fast foods easily. Economic Analysis: According to the 2010 census figures, New York has a population of 19.3 million and is ranked the third most populous state in the USA. Distribution of

Modern Types of Families Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Modern Types of Families - Essay Example I also believe that current family organizations are loosely connected with only a few relatives being able to identify with each other. The transition in American and the rest of the world families was influenced by the invention of farming. This changed the people’s way of life from hunters and gathers to a more settled life where they provided a workforce in the farms. Farming changed the lives of people to a more organized family unit as compared to the scattered life they used to live before. This form of life gave them a sense of family identity (Alvin and Toffler, 596). The family units were so big that they included distant relatives, friends and even strangers. The number of children in each family was greater than the old people and the lifestyle encouraged people to sire more children. This was also very important and was considered as part of wealth through family labor. It gave people status in the society since the more children one had the more he or she was res pected. This form of settlement was polygamous and men were respected in terms of the number of wives they had. People performed similar jobs since there were limited opportunities which were mainly farming (Samuels, 114). I believe this kind of settlement was necessary because families were sources of cheap labor and the more family members they were the more the production and hence increasing wealth for the family. The next transition was characterized by the emergence of industries. People settled in small family units as white collar workers and had small family units. Marriage was respected during that era and women played the role of housewives (Alvin and Toffler, 59). Men worked in the industries to provide for their families. Family sizes reduced drastically as people moved to urban areas where there were industries. Also, education was valued and children started attending local schools. The families were mainly composed of father, mother and a few children.  Ã‚  

Personal Mission & Professional Goal Statements for Educational Essay

Personal Mission & Professional Goal Statements for Educational Leadership Class - Essay Example I was given the passion to learn new things in each and every day of my life. I chose to deal out what I have learned to everyone. I was given the freedom to influence other people. I opted to influence others with the knowledge that God gave me. I was called to teach. I agreed to be His disciple, His follower. I was given the voice to speak out His glory. I conceded to be His voice here on earth. This is my calling, my vocation. This is the path that I chose. This is my way to my salvation. I will squeal on top of my lungs. I will teach His words. I will live by His words. I will educate people as long as I can. This is my mission. I am free. I will complete my mission in any way I could as long as I know that I abide by the rules and regulations. I will find ways to further enhance my skills so that I will be able to fulfill my purpose in life. What do I have to do to keep my mission on its correct track? I created a list of things I should keep in mind for me to address my mission. First, as an educator, I will try to keep an open communication with my superiors, with my fellow educators, and with my students and their guardians. I would regularly ask them for their opinions regarding the way I teach and reach them. I will make them feel that every word they say about me and about certain things are appreciated and highly regarded. I would establish a good, healthy relationship with my students. I will try to gather their thoughts and perspectives about education. I would listen to their voices for I know that being an educator is a two-way process, they learn from me and at the same time, I will be able to pick up relevant points from them, views that I could use in my own personal living. I will attend to every meeting especially if the meeting would be comprised of the people I usually encounter. I would try to develop programs that would unite the students’ parents and the faculty members of our school, so that through these programs we will be able

Info technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Info technology - Essay Example This article mainly focuses on the approach to be implemented to improve the Supply Chain Management in order to effectively cut down on excess costs. The author discusses how different companies implement the present Supply Chain Management principle and expect different and better results whereas this is not possible. The author states in this article that to gain better profit margins and to gain a better hold over the market, each company has to come up with its own Supply Chain Management principle which suits that company. Despite the changes such as Globalization, Real-Time Supply Chain Process, Lean Management for Waste Reduction, Accounting Rules and Transparency of sales and acceptance, companies present since ninety years back function the same way as they did then. The author suggests the old business principles to be dropped and new improvised ones be implemented. The approach should be more of a strategy than being jut a principle. The first step is to design the a new architecture for the Supply Chain Management. The second step is to define the process, people and technology. The third step is to use resources effectively. The fourth and the final step is to include the scope, breadth and complexity of supply chains. Discussion: Supply Chain Management involves co-ordinating and integrating the flow of materials, information and finances from supplier to manufacturer to retailer to consumer both within and among companies (Ayers, 2000). The product flow involves the flow or movement of raw materials from the supplier to the manufacturer and the movement of products from the manufacturer to the wholesaler to retailer to the consumer. The information flow involves the flow of information such as transmitting orders and updating the status of delivery. Flow of finances includes transfer of credit, payment schedules, etc. Supply Chain Management makes use of

Credit Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Credit Risk Management - Essay Example In other words, the bank has to incorporate technological processes in the identification of risk. Credit risk management must start from a particular point and this is determination of where the problem is. (Reserve bank of Vanuatu, 2007) No effective solution can be worked out if the bank does not understand the full magnitude of its problems. Additionally, banks that fail to understand the dynamics involved in counterparty risks are also likely to fail in managing that risk. Technology is also essential in the measurement of risk because through the latter, the bank can have standardised ways of dealing with it. Besides these, robust technology is also critical in the actual process of managing the risk. (Damiano and Massimo, 2006) The latter facts may seem quite basic to the bank, however, a word of caution is necessary when dealing with this issue. Because of forces of globalisation and the technology wave, many banks and financial instructions are merely rushing to the latest IT products without due consideration of their personal needs. This is the point at which these financial institutions go wrong; the most sophisticated form of IT can be worthless if it does not meet the needs of the bank. Consequently, there should be more emphasis on the process rather than the product in this regard. If all a bank needs is a simple IT tool to meet their needs, then they should opt for only what they need. In certain cases less is more; credit risk management ought to take precedence over other systems that are required to implement them. Numerous companies tend to operate from the wrong side thus making it increasingly difficult to proceed with one's choices. A research conducted by a certain investment bank (Lepus) about the importance of information technology in implementing effective credit risk management found out the following: Importance of technology in credit risk management 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% Just a tool Enhances efficiency and effectiveness Eradicates manual processes Promotes data transparency Smoothens Global credit risk Active management of portfolio Source: Lepus Investment Bank (2007): Effective risk management, available at http://www.sas.com/ accessed on 27th November As it can be seen above, the most important function among these bankers is the management and development of a bank's portfolio. Information technology is therefore a vital tool in effecting strategies for effective risk management. Aside from technology, a bank needs to have a comprehensive strategic policy for achievement of effective credit risk management. It should be noted that this forms the backbone of successful credit risk management. The principles and guidelines provide a background against which banks can operate in a sound environment. These policies serve as directional pointers to financial institutions because they are a set of rules that can be applied in a series of credit situations facing them. (Brigo and Pallavicini, 2007) The bank under study needs to put in mind the fact that those companies that have failed in their credit risk management endeavours have done so because of a lack of commitment to their policies and procedures. Having a set of rules that have been smartly laid out by a series of credit risk management experts is just one side of the story. The other side is

Information Technology for Managers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Information Technology for Managers - Term Paper Example Caterpillar will be the leader in providing the best value in machines, engines and support services for customers dedicated to building the world's infrastructure and developing and transporting its resources. We provide the best value to customers.  Caterpillar will be the leader in providing the best value in machines, engines and support services for customers dedicated to building the world's infrastructure and developing and transporting its resources. We provide the best value to customers.  Caterpillar will provide its workforce with an environment that stimulates diversity, innovation, teamwork, continuous learning and improvement and rewards individual performance. We develop and reward people.  Caterpillar is dedicated to improving the quality of life while sustaining the quality of our earth. We encourage social responsibility.  For the sake of their enormous image, Caterpillar strives really hard to ensure that our success as a corporation contributes to the qual ity of life of all people touched by our business and to the prosperity of all communities where we work and live.  Caterpillar’s vision of their employees is to get recognized, along with their products and services, as key enterprise strength. Their goal is to empower our engaged employees and their leaders to create a positive culture in which safety, diversity, integrity, and performance are highly valued by all. In 1925, the Holt Manufacturing Company and the C. L. Best Tractor Company merged to form Caterpillar Tractor Company. The Caterpillar product line included motor graders, blade graders, elevating graders, terraces and electrical generating sets. That happened in 1940. In 1950, Caterpillar Tractor Company Limited in Great Britain is established; the first of many overseas operations created to help manage foreign exchange shortages, tariffs, import controls and better serve customers around the world.  In 1931, the company created a separate engine sales grou p to market diesel engines to other equipment manufacturers. This group was replaced in 1953 with a separate sales and marketing division to better serve the needs of a broad range of engine customers.  

A Journey to the Mountain Peak Personal Statement

A Journey to the Mountain Peak - Personal Statement Example As a two-year-old, I did not understand the implication of the death of my father. Having lived a poverty-stricken life, my father suffered some physical ailments-year-old was not even aware of. He did not have the ability to bring himself to the hospital so that no one even knew what he was suffering from. For lack of resources, my mother had to attend to my father’s needs only to ease his pains before his death. As a child, I saw my mother’s sufferings, crying as she spoke to my father, pleading to him to get well very soon. For me, those were nothing. I cried with my mother simply because she was crying but I never understood that behind the sufferings and impending death of my father, my mother was thinking about how she was to raise three young children. When my father finally died, my mother howled. I can still vaguely remember my mother weeping beside my father’s cadaver. She was inconsolable. My uncles and aunts tried to comfort her but their efforts were all in vain. I guess my mother only stopped when she finally got tired and had no more energy to weep for her beloved husband. I guess I could say that one of the biggest mountains that I have been through is the death of my father. As I mentioned earlier, I did not understand very well the things that were happening then however, I have suffered the consequences with my family. We have always been in want. My mother tried some menial jobs and the food was not always enough. Also, my education together with my siblings’, were always at risk because the mother was almost always ready to give up on us when times get really tough. As I grew older and as I begun to understand the death of my father and our the suffering, I came to appreciate my mother and decide to do everything in my power to help my mother out of the poverty we have been bound to. Thankfully, I have an uncle who made it his personal goal to help my mother raise her children. He was a kind person, working more hours and managing his resources well in order for him to be able to help us not only financially but also with his kind words, encouragement and quality time with us. My uncle believed in our capabilities. He always mentioned our poverty not to make us feel bad but to challenge us. He always found time to support me and my siblings to study well despite our situation because he claimed it is the only key available to us to open doors for better opportunities. I still remember him saying that we have so many things which can make us succeed which are not even present among rich and famous people. I learned from my uncle that at such trying times, the inner characteristics of a man are put to a test and the fiery trials are what brings out the best in him. I looked up to my uncle as a wise counselor and a model. Looking back, I think I did well in trusting him because, in times of great challenges, his words often rang in my head and my heart.

The History of the Criminal Justice System Research Paper

The History of the Criminal Justice System - Research Paper Example The main systems are: During the colonial period, Americans were living in a society that did not have any rules and laws that were formalized so as to protect and guide behavior from criminal activities. Americans were still figuring out the way to coexist in a land that was new. The modern criminal justice system is the outcome of many several evolution changes that have been undergone by the society from the time of the United States’ inception. Over the years, mechanisms have been established the institute and enforce the society’s rules as well as punish offenders and assign responsibility. Currently, those functions are undertaken by the police, and corrections. Initially, United States’ criminal justice system did not have this structure. Prior to the establishment of the formal laws, rules, and institution, Americans depended on religion and sin as the way of shaping the society and its behavior. Biblical terms defined a lot of colonial crime codes, which made offenses like p rofanity, sacrileges of the Sabbath, and blasphemy highly punishable (Falk, G. 2010). Punishments like stoning, dunking, and whipping were made to humiliate the offenders and eventually result to their repentance. As the American society grew, both in population and location, religion became less frequent in guiding criminal justice. Now the laws were designed to uphold and values and morality, which were a common concern for many people during this time rather than religion. The changes led to increased laws and more violations. Whether right or wrong, ineffective or effective, these events shaped the contemporary criminal justice system of the United States. The shift from small, religiously same towns as large cities that are diverse and cultural customs were of great extent, permanently transformed the landscape of the criminal justice system, this created the necessity for formalized courts, police, and corrections (Monkkonen, E. H. 2002). The time

Essay of Mahatma Gandhi Essay Example for Free

Essay of Mahatma Gandhi Essay Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was a great freedom fighter. He was born in the town of Porbander in Gujarat on 2 October 1869. He had done his schooling in nearby Rajkot. At that time, India was under British. His father died before Gandhi could finish his schooling. At the young age of thirteen, he was married to Kasturba who was even younger. In 1888, Gandhi set sail for England, where he had decided to pursue a degree in law. After one year of a none too successful law practice, Gandhi decided to accept an offer from an Indian businessman in South Africa, Dada Abdulla, to join him as a legal adviser. The Indians who had been living in South Africa were without political rights, and were generally known by the derogatory name of ‘coolies’. Gandhi himself came to an awareness of the frightening force when he thrown out of a first-class railway compartment car, though he held a first-class ticket, at Pietermaritzburg. From this political awakening, Gandhi was to emerge as the leader of the Indian community, and it was in South Africa that he first coined the term satyagmha to signify his theory and practice of non-violent resistance. Gandhi described himself as a seeker of satya (truth), which could not be attained other than through ahinsa (non-violence, love) and brahmacharya (celibacy, striving towards God). Gandhi returned to India in early 1915, and never left the country. Over the next few years, he was to become involved in numerous local struggles, such as at Champaran in Bihar, where workers on indigo plantations complained of oppressive working conditions, and at Ahmedabad, where a dispute had broken out between management and workers at textile mills. Gandhi had ideas on every subject, from hygiene and nutrition to education and labor, and he relentlessly pursued his ideas in newspaper. He would still be remembered as one of the principal figures in the history of Indian journalism. By this time he had earned the title of Mcthatma from Rabindranath Tagore, India’s most well-known writer. When tragedy happened in the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar Gandhi wrote the report of the Punjab Congress Inquiry Committee. Over the next two years, Gandhi initiated the non- cooperation movement, which called upon Indians to withdraw from British institutions, to return honours conferred by the British, and to learn the art of self-reliance; though the British administration was at places paralysed, the movement was suspended in February 1922. In early 1930, the Indian National Congress declared that it would now be satisfied with nothing short of complete independence (purna swamj). On March 2, Gandhi addressed a letter to the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, informing him that unless Indian demands were met, he would be compelled to break the ‘salt laws’. On the early morning of March 12, with a small group of followers, Gandhiji led a march towards Dandi on the sea. They arrived there on April 5th: Gandhi picked up a small lump of natural salt, and so gave the signal to hundreds of thousands of people to similarly defy the law, since the British exercised a monopoly on the production and sale of salt. This was the beginning of the civil disobedience movement. In 1942, Gandhiji issued the last call for independence from British rule. On the grounds of Kranti Maidan, he delivered a speech, asking every Indian to lay down their life, if necessary, in the cause of freedom. He gave them this mantra, â€Å"Do or Die†; at the same time, he asked the British to ‘Quit India’. After a long struggle, India got independence on 15th August 1947. One evening, Gandhiji was late for his prayers. At 10 minutes past 5 o’clock, with one hand each on the shoulders of Abha and Manu, who were known as his ‘walking sticks’, Gandhiji commenced his walk towards the garden. Gandhiji folded his hands and greeted his audience with a namaskar; at that moment, a young man came up to him took a revolver out of his pocket, and shot him three times in his chest. Bloodstains appeared over Gandhiji’s white woolen shawl. His hands still folded in a greeting, Gandhiji blessed his assassin, â€Å"He Ram! He Ram† and left us.

Recent Copyright Battles For Music And Movies Media Essay

Recent Copyright Battles For Music And Movies Media Essay As a fact, one of the principles of American law is that the author of a particular product within a certain period of time can reap the fruits of their intellectual creations. Copyright is a form of protection that U.S. law provides an original works of authorship, it includes including literary, dramatic, musical, architectural, cartographic, choreographic, pantomimic, graphic, sculptural, and audiovisual creative works.  The term copyright literally means the right to copy.  Today, this term is denoting the set of exclusive rights provided by law to authors in terms of protection of their works.  Copyright owner has the exclusive right to reproduce, distribute, and in the case of certain works, to public perform or display the work; create derivative works and grant the right of others to do the same on certain conditions.  Copyright protection does not extend to any idea, procedure, process, slogans, principles or discoveries.   It should be noted that intellectual property in the United States is secured by the Constitution of the United States and by number of different regulatory acts. As a fact, Uruguay Round Act Agreements have restored copyright to certain foreign works that are protected by copyright in the country of origin, but were in the public domain in the United States. Also, abolished outdated provisions of the Law on Amendments to the Act of software products (1990) established legal procedures to prevent unauthorized recording and distribution of sound recordings non studious performances of music and music videos, as stated in Copyright Battles Are About Controlling New Technologies. Copyright infringement involves the unauthorized owner dissemination of material protected by copyright, such as software, music, movies, books, computer games. Intellectual property rights are protected by the laws of most countries. Copyright infringement is usually understood as follows:   Make a copy and its sale; Make a copy and send it to someone else; In some cases, the resale of legally purchased copies. In this essay I would like more closely consider music and movies copyright infringement and describe current controversies between supporters and opponents of further hard copyright defending. As a rule, illegal distribution of movies/TV shows copies with recording them to CD/DVD disk and by copying and distribution over social computer networks or Internet,  can be carried out in order to take profit (sale of counterfeit products in shops, stalls) and without (distribution of copies of films on local area networks via the Internet, share movies with friends).  Commercial products of this kind is characterized by that may appear before the official release of the movie (known cases of appearance in the sale unfinished working version of the film stolen from a film crew).  The recording quality can be a very concede a licensed copy, and virtually has no different from it depending on how the copy and the further processing.  There is a system of symbols types of unauthorized copies that are distributed over a network (abbreviations added to the file), as described in The Record Industry Continues Battle Against Free Music Downloads It can be said that illegal copying and distribution of musical compositions copies includes the sale of music albums on audio cassettes and compact discs.  By audio piracy concerns and disseminate music over computer networks.  Exchange of musical compositions in the Internet took a truly grand scale through the development of P2P-technology.  There are many different peer networks, with millions of participants and terabytes of music. It should be noted that one of the most famous cases in copyright field was Capitol vs. Thomas. Jammie Thomas-Rasset (was born in 1977) is a U.S. citizen who was sued by Capitol Records because of file sharing. Her case is considered as a precedent.  She is accused of having distributed 24 songs on Kazaa file-sharing hosting. Her case is considered as the first of several thousand cases in which action is taken under the aegis of the RIAA legal action against illegal file sharing.  She was initially sentenced by a court to claim damages in the amount of 222 000 U.S. dollars.  The sentence was later overturned because of procedural error. The process was due to the decision of Judge Michael J. Davis in September 2008, negotiated by U.S. District Court in Duluth, Minnesota again.  It was initially questioned the validity of the evidence. As a fact, on June 18, 2009 Jammie Thomas was sentenced to a fine of 1.92 million U.S. dollars. After the sentence Joe Sibley, her lawyer went to appeal. As a fact, in January 2010, Judge Michael Davis reduced the fine to 2 250 dollars per song. Consequently, she has to pay a $54,000 fine. The prosecution and defense went against the verdict.  In November 2010, the jury has spoken in the third case against Jammie Thomas the verdict.  She was sentenced to a total compensation of $1.5 million.  The jury was set for each of Jammie Thomas popular songs 62,500 dollars.  The defense has over U.S. media and already announced further steps against the verdict. However, this process is not the only case of music intellectual property infringements, as stated in The Battle Over Music Piracy. In my opinion, an increasing number of such cases show determination of intellectual property owners to fight without any compromises. It is no doubt that music and movie industry around the world brings a lot of money.  Consequently, this activity is directly linked with phenomenon audio and video piracy. Audio/video piracy is the illegal production and distribution audio/video discs or cassettes with stored music/movie phonograms (records). Illegal, it is called because it is made without the knowledge and consent of the author and producer of the phonogram (copyright holders) i.e.  in violation of copyright and related rights in musical/movies works and the proper track.  In order to understand the essence of the above offenses, you need to imagine the nature of copyright. With respect to business entity music/video copyright can be explained as follows. Copyright is a right arising from any person whose creative effort has created some work. Most of all it is the authors of words and music. Creator of the product has the right to be recognized as author of the work, can authorize  or prohibit the use of the product under the name of the author or under a pseudonym; he has the right to publish a product.  Adjacent to the right is a right that arises from the producer of the phonogram.  This is a legal person, on the initiative, by which forces and means was recording of music performance (soundtrack).  Owners of related rights in the record business often are the record companies.   As a rule, owners of copyright and related rights (rights holders) are entitled to remuneration for each form of exploitation of musical works and phonograms, including printing and distribution of works and phonograms on physical media. Naturally, in case of duplicating and distributing pirated works and phonograms owners do not receive remuneration. Audio piracy can not be considered as only U.S. phenomenon,  it rather refers to the phenomena of countries that do not collide in this phenomenon.  (An example often cited Japan).  During 2008, the number sold in the world of pirate music CDs has increased by 950 million units (almost 50-percent growth per year) and reached a record in the history of the mark in 1.9 billion.  This is evidenced by the report of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI).  Growth trends persist even today, as described in Copyright Battles Are About Controlling New Technologies. As a fact, for the prosperity of piracy in the world, there are good preconditions.  Firstly, it is standard of living in different countries.  CDs are not essential commodities.  This is not food, for that always pays as much as requested, so buyers are choosing the cheaper pirated products. Secondly, only the government can solve this problem, if show its interest, which is not visible in so-called 3rd world countries.  Audio piracy is a serious, profitable, well-organized business, to defeat which needs a serious legislative framework and the will of the executive power.  Here you can quickly earn good money, and the risk of serious punishment is still minimal, so that piracy continues to flourish.   It seems that the fight against audio/video piracy must be conducted in three main areas: 1.  Law enforcement activities.   2.  Courting.   3.  Corporate regulation.   As a fact, we are well aware that law enforcement do not consider serious enough fight for copyrights, despite all the efforts in this area are undertaken by interested associations and organizations.  All of these efforts, unfortunately, do not give the desired effect.  You do very well penetrate that if a policeman should be wrestling with robbery and banditry, and thus to check the contents of the neighboring stall, which sold counterfeit tapes, of course, in a stall, he will be the last step.  And he came back and got a small kickback for the family, will consider its task accomplished.  Unfortunately, this happens all the time, and we all know that. Therefore it is difficult to say that governments of many countries is actively fighting piracy, despite the seizures, raids on warehouses and factories that produce pirated products.  This is only a few cases and they are in any case do not show the trend. Trend is until enough permissive, as described in The Battle Over M usic Piracy. As for the judicial part of the fight against piracy, then there are obvious signs.  The courts in CIS countries, Russia and China finally began to consider such claims, and already understand how they should act.  But, given the total workload of our judicial system, there is nothing that can be joyful. Apparently, the judicial decisions that protect the interests of copyright holders can be counted on the fingers.  Third it is corporate regulation.  Those who are interested in protecting copyright and related rights are and must make special efforts to ensure that these rights are somehow protected.  I mean associations, producers and record companies. The purpose of such associations is to develop a unified strategy behavior in the market for replacement audio piracy with market economic levers.  Among such measures could be introducing a special brand owner, to prevent unfair competition, development of a unified pricing policy, etc.  It remains to note that achie ving positive results requires hard work on all three fronts. Otherwise, there is no any unexpected police raid, there is no optimization of legislative regulation, or self-sacrificing work of associations and corporations in various market segments, the results did not yield. It should be mentioned that today, in Brazil is preparing legislation that will change the whole system upside down.  They want to formally allow file-sharing (with a pair of paying dollars for the right to use) and to prohibit harassment sharing services and their consumers.  If this law came into force, Brazil will be offshore which will move all the social networking and file sharing, which got the authorities of individual countries, including United States.  And the prosecution games will be simply impossible, as stated in Copyright Battles Are About Controlling New Technologies. As a fact, current trends are aimed against the copyright holders. On January 1, 2006 was founded the first Pirate Party in the world. Its aim is the abolition of copyright and patent law and, thus, the legalization of piracy.  The first among similar parties, it has succeeded at the highest level of legislation and in 2009 received one seat in the European Parliament of the 18 seats allotted to Sweden. Following the Swedish Pirate Party were founded US Pirate Party, the Pirate Party of Germany and others.   A typical program of a pirate party contains such provisions and requirements:   Reduction of copyright term.  The real copyright term at the moment is about four generations, which many believe is a prohibitively long time.  And always prolongs term has no different from the eternal protection.   Legislative prohibition of secret information-gathering about privacy.   Preventing censorship via the Internet.  While it does not exist, however, the assurances of the US Pirate Party, its appearance in the U.S. is a matter of time. To sum it up, I would like to say that society should look for other ways to combat the scourge.  And here are two ways:   To give people reasonable, not so high prices for products of intellectual property, licensing content to make cheap and accessible;   Enable file sharing, to cease harassment of consumers, merchants, to pursue only pirates (using media), and sites that sell pirated files from their servers.   Moreover, it should not be prohibited to give a friend a book to read, a movie to watch. These are the things on that commerce and profiting to pursue, primarily due to the fact that they do not pay royalties.  They can be and are happy to pay the author, but the exclusive rights to works from publishers, and they inflate their prices to avoid competition and pursue pirates (competitors) under the law.  That is to the detriment of both author and consumer.   I think that the problem is that consumers have fewer opportunities of access to culture and education, since all it is too expensive. Even the publishers in a wacky situation they spend huge amounts of money on lawyers, PR (published in the media) and GR (working with officials).  Their money does not pay off.  Everyone would be better to move to a new system with a much cheaper intellectual property.  But  monopoly and collusion publishers do not allow us to move forward into a new era of direct relations between authors and their readers/fans.  

Politics and Social Policy in Australia

Politics and Social Policy in Australia Social policy are the guidelines used for the changing, maintenance or the creation of living conditions that are perceived to be conducive to the welfare of human beings or people. This is what makes it part of the public policy that deals with social issues (Alcock, Erskine, May, 2003). Social policy applies to the policies used by governments for welfare and social protection. The main concern under this is the social services and the welfare of the state. Social policy also applies to the ways in which the welfare is developed within a given society where it stands for a range of issues which extend far beyond the governments actions. This includes the ways used to promote the welfare and the social-economic conditions which enable or shape the development of the welfare. Social Policy can be used to refer to the academic study of the subject. The main aim of Social Policies is to improve the welfare of human beings by for instance meeting their various needs. It can thus be defined as public policy and practice in the areas of health care, human services, labour, education, inequality and other issues like criminal justice. Social policy can be influenced by among other things, religion and the politician’s religious beliefs. The conservatives in the political arena prefer a more traditional approach which can be able to favour individual initiative and private enterprise in social policy. Those who are considered to be political liberals are for the idea of guaranteeing equal rights and entitlements to everybody. They prefer using the state regulation or insurance so as to support their ideologies. Although in some areas Social policy is only known for the regulation and governing of human behaviour as far as sexuality and morality issues are concerned, social policies deal with among other things; the rules surrounding marriage and divorce in most societies, adoption, legal status of recreational drugs, prostitution, euthanasia, abortion and how its practice can be regulated(Alcock, 2003). Social Policy and administration was developed in the early twentieth century with an aim of complementing the social work studies. The subject has since developed to become an academic subject concerned with the welfare of the state and social services. It is not a discipline but a subject area which borrows a lot from social science disciplines like sociology, social work, economics, political science, history, philosophy, law among others (Alcock, 2003). Welfare State is an English term used to refer to the provision of welfare services to people by the government (Titmuss, 1963). This type of provision indicates that the concerned government assumes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens. States which provide the welfare state are referred to as welfare states. In some states, the welfare state is provided by government services which may either be independent or voluntary. The provider of the welfare services can also be the state government or a company or agency sponsored by the state, a private company or organization or a non-profit organization. In such cases, the welfare state changes and it is replaced with other terms like ‘welfare system’ and ‘welfare society’. Welfare is used to mean ‘well being’. For instance in welfare economics, it is used in terms of the well being and interests of people and the things which they choose to have. Welfare can also be used to refer to various services provided by the state to protect people under different conditions; for instance health, after retirement, childhood etc. In the European Union, this is called Social Protection. In the United States, welfare is the financial aid given to the poor people for instance the Temporary Aid which is given to Needy families in America (Titmuss, 1963). The welfare state means different things in different countries. In some countries, it may be used to mean the ideal provision model for the citizens whereby the state takes the responsibility to provide comprehensive and universal welfare of its citizens which is basically the welfare provided by the state. In countries where the term means social protection, the provision is undertaken by the combination of independent, voluntary and government services; this is what makes the countries be referred to as welfare states (Holetzky, 2006). In as much as Welfare is associated with needs of the people, it is aimed to cover beyond what people need and with it to look into wellbeing, to provide people with choices and enable them to choose their personal goals, aims, objectives or ambitions. Welfare state is therefore a government that completely provides for the welfare of its citizens. This is what makes it involved in the lives of the citizens by providing for their physical, material and social needs instead of the people providing for their own. The main purpose for this is to create economic equality among the citizens and ensure that the standards of living are equitable for all citizens. Among the things provided by the welfare state are education, housing, sustenance, healthcare, unemployment insurance, pension, supplemental income, and equal wages by controlling price and wages, public transport, childcare among other goods and services. The provisions are paid for through government insurance programs and taxes. Arguments for welfare. A number of arguments for collective provision have been put across. Most governments should be in a position to recognize the arguments which support the provision of the welfare (Spicker, 2008). The arguments are however not about whether the welfare should exist but how much provision should be allocated. The arguments supporting welfare are; Humanitarian, where the major concern is poverty and this makes provision of welfare a key concern in the developments associated with welfare provision. The other argument is Religious. The major religions in the world advocate for charity as a religious duty and almost all religions require collective responsibility in the community where one lives or what can be referred to as mutual social responsibility. The third argument for the provision of welfare is Mutual Self-Interest. This is due to the many welfare systems developed from a combination of mutualistic activities as opposed to those from state activities. The other argument is democratic in that the social protection is put in place hand-in-hand with the existing democratic rights. Finally, the argument for provision of welfare is what is referred to as Practical. The explanation behind this is that welfare provision has social and economic benefits. The countries which have widespread systems of social protection towards the citizens tend to be richer with very low levels of poverty; however it is hard to establish what comes before the other, the welfare or the wealth (Holetzky, 2006). It is important to give welfare to the poor in any society (Vives, 1999). This can be done by for instance provision of work for those who are able but poor. This will curb idleness among those who are not financially stable provided that the victims are fit for work health wise and age wise. The state can help those living in poverty by ensuring that they have learnt a certain trade which will ensure that they can be able to provide for themselves and any other people who depend on them. The other group of people who should be given welfare are the dissipated. Much as their fortunes have dissipated through dissolute living, the state should ensure that no one dies of hunger. This group of people should however be given smaller rations and more demanding duties. In order to ensure that the welfare is not put to the wrong use, the states should ensure that all the institutions dealing with state welfare are corruption free. On the same note, everyone concerned with the welfare should perform their tasks humanely and with a lot of kindness, intimidation should never be put to use since this will be considered abuse of the power bestowed to them. Welfare should be given to all citizens who cannot access the basic requirements and there are a number of advantages; first, the states without any beggars are honoured since greater peace prevails whenever everyone is provided for. The state also gains in that more citizens become more morally upright, law abiding and useful to a state which sustains them or provides a means of livelihood for them (Vives, 1999). The second advantage is that there will be fewer incidents of violence and other evils associated with poverty like theft, murders, capital offences etc. The reason for this is that poverty has a way of luring people into bad habits and provoking crime. Provision of welfare ensures greater concord among people of different classes, which are the poor and the wealthy. Arguments against welfare. The radical right are for the objection to the provision of welfare. The reason for this is that welfare violates the freedom of the people, its redistribution according to the radical right is theft and taxation can only be equated to forced labour (Spicker, 2008). Their arguments are based on the assumptions that; everyone has the absolute right to use property as it pleases them. The people in any society are interdependent and the production of property depends on social arrangements, the rights to that property are conventional and the liability to taxation is part of those conventions. The other assumption is that the people are not for the idea of welfare provision since the redistributive arrangements are based on coercion. However, this is not necessarily true due to the fact that several countries in the world have developed welfare systems on a voluntary or mutualist basis for instance in Denmark, Finland and Sweden. The other assumption is that the rights of the individual are the supreme factor in the entire process. However, it does not make sense for a person to own all the food in the region while all the others are staving, the others should at least have some moral claim on it. Consequently, much as the property rights are important, not many people would argue that they are more important than other moral values. The other argument that the radical rights have against the provision of welfare is that welfare state has undesirable effects in practice. Economically, the argument is that economic development is more important for welfare than social provision. The radical rights also argue that the welfare state tends to undermine economic performance but no evidence has been provided to support this argument. Socially, the welfare state is accused of boosting dependency and in a way trapping people to in poverty. Proof on the dynamics of poverty indicates that dependency and poverty can not be classified as long-term. Although both tend to affect people at different stages in the course of their lives, the population of those who claim for welfare is always changing and not constant as it might appear (Spicker, 2008). The radical right argues for a residual system but the result of this is the separation and exclusion of people by the welfare. Though most of the advanced societies provide for the state welfare, its philosophy is that most of the beneficiaries who are capable of caring for them are not motivated to improve their lives when they have the option of depending on the government. This tends to breed hatred or resentment those who work hard but are forced to pay for the people who are not working through high taxes. This can easily lead to class warfare and prevent equality among citizens (Spicker, 2008). Conclusion. In Contemporary Australia, the state welfare is justified as a result of their benefits to the nation. According to Saunders (2007), there is an organized welfare lobby in Australia which keeps pushing for higher government spending. They use the poverty statistics to justify their claims that poverty is widespread and threatening to get worse. Australian poverty is a product of joblessness and the solution for these is not to increase welfare payments but to ensure more of those who claim welfare get into work. The number of those relying on welfare payments as a source of income has risen from three percent in the 1960s to sixteen percent. There is need for the re-examination of how the tax and welfare systems interact since most people pay a lot of income tax to the government only for their money to be tossed back to them through family payments and government welfare services (Saunders, 2007). The reason why it was established that the Australians could be more self-reliant especially if they were allowed to keep more of their earnings in place of the reduction on their level of dependence on the government provisions. References. Alcock, P., Erskine, A., May M. (Eds) (2003). The students companion to social policy. Blackwell. Holetzky, S. (2006) Conjecture Corporation. What is a Welfare State? Wise Geek. Retrieved on 23/08/08 from http://www.wisegeek.com Legrand, J. Propper, C. Robinson, R. (1992). The economics of social problems, Macmillan Saunders P. (2007). The Welfare State. The Center for Independent Studies. Retrieved on 23/08/08 from http://www.cis.org.au/research/welfare. Spicker, P. (2008). Social policy: Themes and Approaches. Policy Press. Titmuss, R. M. (1963). Essays on the Welfare State. Allen and Unwin. Vives, J. L. (1968). Vives’ Introduction to Wisdom. Teachers College Press, Columbia University: New York. Vives, J. L. (1999). On Assistance to the Poor. University of Toronto Press: Toronto.

Measuring the Macroeconomic Impact of Monetary Policy Essay -- Economi

Monetary policy is the method by which the government, central bank, or monetary authority controls the supply of money, or trading foreign exchange markets. This policy is usually called either an expansionary policy, or a contractionary policy. An expansionary policy multiplies the total supply of money in the economy, and a contractionary policy diminishes the total supply. Expansionary policy is used to tackle unemployment in an economic decline by lowering interest rates, while contractionary policy has the goal of elevating interest rates to fight inflation. Monetary policy reposes on the relationship between the rates of interest in an economy and the total dispense of money. Monetary policy uses a diversity of tools to dominate exchange rates with other currencies and unemployment. This is done in order to influence outcomes like economic growth and inflation. A policy is called contractionary if it diminishes the size of the money supply or increases the interest rate. An expansionary policy raises the size of the money supply, or lowers the interest rate. Monetary policies are accommodative if the interest rate is intended to stimulate economic growth, neutral if it is intended to neither encourage growth nor fight inflation, or tight if its aim is to reduce inflation. There are several monetary policy tools available to achieve these results. The Fed has three of these tools. Open market operations, reserve requirements and discount window lending. Open market operations are the most important tool of monetary policy used by the Fed. These operations involve the Fed buying and selling prior issued U.S. government securities. Reserve requirements are the percentages of precise kinds of deposits that banks mus... ...sitive as well as a negative effect on everyday people. This can be manifested primarily through a shift in employment status. The government, however, has many tools in order to help the situation. These tools at time can improve or even deteriorate the dilemma. They are made to bring the economy out of crisis. But there is no doubt that monetary policy has a tremendous effect on macroeconomic factors as GDF, unemployment, inflation, and interest rates. References Anonymous (2013). Money what it is how it works. Retrieved February 18, 2014, from http://wfhummel.cnchost.com/monetarypolicy.html McConnell, C.R. & Bruce, S.L. (2012). Economics: Principles, problems and policies. (18th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. North, Gary (2012). Interest Rates and Monetary Policy. Retrieved February 18, 2014, from http://www.lewrockwell.com/north/north492.html Measuring the Macroeconomic Impact of Monetary Policy Essay -- Economi Monetary policy is the method by which the government, central bank, or monetary authority controls the supply of money, or trading foreign exchange markets. This policy is usually called either an expansionary policy, or a contractionary policy. An expansionary policy multiplies the total supply of money in the economy, and a contractionary policy diminishes the total supply. Expansionary policy is used to tackle unemployment in an economic decline by lowering interest rates, while contractionary policy has the goal of elevating interest rates to fight inflation. Monetary policy reposes on the relationship between the rates of interest in an economy and the total dispense of money. Monetary policy uses a diversity of tools to dominate exchange rates with other currencies and unemployment. This is done in order to influence outcomes like economic growth and inflation. A policy is called contractionary if it diminishes the size of the money supply or increases the interest rate. An expansionary policy raises the size of the money supply, or lowers the interest rate. Monetary policies are accommodative if the interest rate is intended to stimulate economic growth, neutral if it is intended to neither encourage growth nor fight inflation, or tight if its aim is to reduce inflation. There are several monetary policy tools available to achieve these results. The Fed has three of these tools. Open market operations, reserve requirements and discount window lending. Open market operations are the most important tool of monetary policy used by the Fed. These operations involve the Fed buying and selling prior issued U.S. government securities. Reserve requirements are the percentages of precise kinds of deposits that banks mus... ...sitive as well as a negative effect on everyday people. This can be manifested primarily through a shift in employment status. The government, however, has many tools in order to help the situation. These tools at time can improve or even deteriorate the dilemma. They are made to bring the economy out of crisis. But there is no doubt that monetary policy has a tremendous effect on macroeconomic factors as GDF, unemployment, inflation, and interest rates. References Anonymous (2013). Money what it is how it works. Retrieved February 18, 2014, from http://wfhummel.cnchost.com/monetarypolicy.html McConnell, C.R. & Bruce, S.L. (2012). Economics: Principles, problems and policies. (18th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. North, Gary (2012). Interest Rates and Monetary Policy. Retrieved February 18, 2014, from http://www.lewrockwell.com/north/north492.html

Youth :: Phylanthropy, Celebrities

The people that youth look up to should send a positive message to the young. They should be concerned about the development of america and the well being of the children that have to grow up in our time of war. Michael Jordon sends a positive message to kids such as "stay in school" and "dont do drugs". Michael donates a portion of his wealth to all sorts of charities and fund rasers. His work with youth has been improved on by doing disney movies such as "Space Jam". That particular movie didn't promote any drugs or any foul language. Other celebrities such as Brad Pitt haven't performed in any motion pictures that promote good values that children should live by. Take for example Brad pitts movie "Seven". Would you want your children to be watching a movie that promotes murder into some sort of masterpiece about the seven deadly sins? Or his movie "Fight Club", would you want your children to watch a movie that promote nothing but fighting and eventual terrorist groups destroying several buildings with Nytro Glycerin? Children are exposed to all sorts of celebrities, and you as a parent should help them along the way and find one that has set a good example to live by. Children should have a good role model like Michael Jordan who promotes charities and plays in the NBA. The idea of playing in the NBA would make any young child jump for joy at the thought of having the chance one day to do so.

Main Essay

The Daily Mail quotes, â€Å"Protein drinks ‘are no help for athletes and aren't better than a balanced diet',† with The Independent also reporting that there is â€Å"no benefit from sports drinks†. However, does this affect the Protein sports drinks' market? Clear Barrett writes In an article on The Financial Times saying that Omnipotent. Com, Rupee's leading online sports nutrition retailer is forecast to generating earnings of EOM on annual turnover of MEME in the year 2011 from the sale of sports protein drinks and supplements, favored by bodybuilders and sports enthusiasts.Its sales are expected to reach EMMA this year. (Remuneration 2009) found that â€Å"Globally, the U. S is the largest market for sports nutrition supplements and represents 63% of the value. Mexico Is the second largest market with US $192 million In retail sales, followed closely by the united Kingdom with US SSL 72 million. Japan has a market size of US $87 million, while China and Ind ia have negligible sports nutrition retail sales. However, Authenticity and efficacy remain big challenges for the sports nutrition market. Remuneration, 2008) stated that â€Å"the global market for ports nutrition supplements was valued at US $4. 2 billion. The market experienced strong growth until 2008, then growth gradually declined due to a lack of consumer confidence In spending on discretionary products, as a result of the global recession. † Furthermore, recent research have Indicated that protein supplements are bad for your health and can be life threatening. The British Dietetic Association (BAD) says â€Å"high levels of additional protein can cause side-effects, which can include nausea as well as kidney and liver damage. The BAD argues there is now evidence to show excess levels of additional protein taken over a long time can cause health problems. Jane Griffin speaking for the BAD concluded, â€Å"People who have these high protein diets are now running Int o problems with their kidneys because of the amount of protein they must get rid of. † The information provided indicates that there was a decrease in demand in the market for sports protein drinks and can be conveyed in a supply and demand diagram. The first figure (1) is a rundown where value is determined by the market.The supply curve of a certain product as well as the demand curve of the same product is shown on the same axes. David King quotes â€Å"This Is where there Is no excess demand or excess supply, so that the quantity To summaries; â€Å"A demand curve shows the quantity that would be demanded at each price or wage, and a supply curve shows the quantity that would be supplied eat each price or wage. The price or wage will settle at its equilibrium level, which is the level at which the two curves intersect. † Figure (2) shows a shift in demand (to the left) for sports protein drinks.Because of the recession, globally protein drinks will be set at a pric e too high, even though the price does not change. Therefore, protein nutrition drinks will become less attractive for consumers, consequently forcing consumers to purchase less as the price is too high. A shift in the demand curve implies that the original demand curve has changed, meaning that the quantity demanded is affected by a factor other than price, in this case the global recession and awareness that protein drinks actually affect health and may be life threatening.To conclude, protein sports drink manufacturers would be forced to supply less for the same price. King quotes, â€Å"if demand decreases, buyers will demand a smaller annuity at each possible price. So the demand curve shifts left, and the equilibrium price or wage, quantity and expenditure all fall. † Price* Quantity* Price Quantity However, historically, the users of protein nutrition products have been limited to bodybuilders and athletes, but this has now expanded to include recreational users and li festyle users (Denominator 2006).Research in 2012 suggest that more teenagers are using muscle enhancing products, such as protein supplements, according to a study published in Pediatrics, a Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. A CNN article by (Trash Henry) quotes, â€Å"Researchers found the number of teens reporting muscle enhancing behavior to be substantially higher than in previous years. Boys were more likely to report these behaviors, which included supplement use and consumption of protein shakes†, while Dry.Maria Ginsberg, the lead study author said â€Å"These behaviors are a little more common among young Dry. Nicholas Fletcher, an assistant professor of orthopedic declares that, â€Å"As their idols have increased in size they are continually pushed to get stronger, bigger and faster†¦ There is that trickle-down effect. From this, we can assume that the market for Protein sports drinks is indeed rising, due to teenagers working towards increasin g their body mass and overall strength and striving to follow in the footsteps of their inspirational leaders.A BBC article done by Newsiest reporter (Kelsey) stated that Remuneration, whom researchers the market size of products, estimates that the sport supplement industry grew 15% last year. It estimated that one in five people who go to the gym more than twice a week use supplements that can come in the form of powders and bars. The information provided can assume that there is a cent increase in demand for sports protein drinks. Figure (3) below indicates that the quantity demanded for protein sports drink increased even though the price remained the same.A shift to the right for the demand curve depicts the quantity of demand for protein drinks rising. Again, a shift in the demand curve indicates that the original demand relationship has changed; meaning that quantity demand for protein sports drink is affected by something other than price. In this instance, demand for protei n was increased because of protein nutrition products expanding ND targeted not only athletes and bodybuilders, but also children and regular gym attendees. David King quotes, â€Å"If demand increases, buyers will demand a higher quantity at each possible price.So the demand curve shifts right, and the equilibrium price or wage, quantity and expenditure all rise. † To conclude, protein drinks will always be in demand as these products are used not only for sports use, but also widely used between regular gym attendees and children. However, the recent VAT increase implemented on sports nutrition drinks which has taken effect on the 1st October 2012 may cause the demand to slightly crease. References: King, D. (2012) Economics. POP Oxford Remuneration International. Lully 2009).

Personal Discovery Essay Overview Essay

This essay is intended to guide the student from identifying a problem or situation, taking some action in regard to the situation, and writing about the experience while supporting/developing their evaluation/analysis with two primary sources. A General Overview: First, you will be given a professionally-generated article that addresses a particular topic. This semester, the topic will involve health risks. Second, you must decide upon an activity after reading the article. For instance, since the article you will be given is on health risks, you will will need to identify two activities you can perform that will effect the consequences of your chosen health risk. Third, you will write a first draft of an essay of about 750 words (three pages) in which you discuss the activities and what motivated you to choose those activities, followed by your reactions and responses (such as â€Å"What did I learn?† And â€Å"Why could it be valuable to me?†) Fourth, find an article in the Three Rivers’ Rutland Library data base which provides additional information or that either refutes or corroborates what your rough draft says. Ideally, this one will help you determine the best practices for avoiding or managing the health risks. Incorporate information in the form of direct quotation and paraphrasing according to MLA style into the final draft. Finally, prepare a final draft of the paper in which you analyze the experience and the article, then synthesize all of the information into a cohesive essay. This essay will be the final assignment of the semester, so it is important to do your very best work. The final essay shuold be of 750 – 1,000 words, not including the correct MLA-style Works Cited page. Short Writing Assignment #7 Instructions: Read and study the information from the following web page: http://www.myhealthnewsdaily.com/839-top-10-leading-causes-of-death.html Download the Article Close Reading template (located in the â€Å"Assignments: Unit 5† folder) Complete the template through a close reading of the article. Minimum Requirements: Completed Article Close Reading document for â€Å"Top 10 Leading Causes of Death† by Rachael Rettner. Since you have used this template before, take into account any suggestions or comments I provided you with to make sure you make the fullest use of the template possible. DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE Attached Files: Article Close Reading Document.docx (15.785 KB) Short Writing Assignment #8 Instructions: Choose two activities which you can do over a period of a few consecutive days which may prevent your death or the health-related consequences for you from the chosen malady. Make sure you think about the activities you choose to give before you decide. They should be planned, not spontaneous events. Once you perform your activities, notice the immediate effects and think about their long-term value. How did you feel when performing your activities? Were your activities difficult? How did you feel after the experience? Sit down and write about the experience while it is still fresh in your mind. Minimum Requirements: Compose a 200 – 300 word reflection on your activities. Make sure you clearly identify your chosen health malady and the activities you performed in the context of your reflection. Personal Discovery Essay First Draft Instructions: Using the following outline, compose a rough draft of your Personal Discover Essay. . INTRODUCTION:Mention the article and author. Give the briefest summary of the main points that relate to your paper. As you agree or disagree with the ideas, a thesis should develop. PERSONAL:Why did you choose to do these particular malady and activities? Were they the most convenient, the most inconvenient, or did they involve activities that had been on your mind, for example? How did you feel when you anticipated the activities, before you actually performed them? ENVIRONMENT:Identify your activities. What exactly did you have to do? Give some detail about this so the reader can imagine how much (or how little) was done. REACTION:What was your  reaction? How did you feel, both physically and mentally, after performing your activity? Did this surprise you? Have you had other experiences where you’ve changed your actions, or added activities, based on your health decisions? If so, how did this reaction compare to that experience? INTERPRETATION:Consider this experience in light of Rettner’s article. How do you think her numbers would change if everyone took these activities seriously? Do you think there is a significant chance others will follow your lead? Will you continue to perform these activities in the future? Do you think others are likely to do so? Why or why not? CONCLUSION:Tie the essay together, reiterating your thesis, perhaps mentioning Rettner’s article one more time. Make a statement about health activities, predict what would happen if more of us were required to try to improve our health, or discuss how we would be affected if we expected more healthy living activities of ourselves. Try for a fresh and original ending to this essay. Minimum Requirements: Write the first draft of an essay of about 750 words in which you discuss what you did and what motivated you. Part of the essay should discuss the article and your feelings about it, while it should also include your reactions and responses Personal Discover Essay Instructions: Find an article in Three Rivers’ Rutland Library database that provides additional information or that either refutes or corroborates what you said in your first draft. The article may discuss public service, student character, or any other aspect of your essay. Incorporate the information from your new article into the final draft of the Personal Discovery Essay. The final draft should demonstrate your ability to analyze the experience and what was read and then synthesize the information into a cohesive essay. Minimum Requirements: A final draft of the Personal Discovery Essay which syntheses of the genesis article, first hand information gathered in real time, and a supporting document located in the database into a single essay of 750-1000 words. In addition the the essay, you should include a correct MLA-style Works Cited  page containing citations for the Rettner article, as well as the database article. Apply the scientific and healthcare professionals’ advice and expertise to craft an essay of Personal Discovery which uses both your day-to-day altered habits and the science that backs them up in an essay which incorporates the best practices of our three major essays this semester

For the tourist and the foreigner

A Dying Colonialism is a story of how Fanon, during the Algerian Revolution, described how people changed the century-old cultural ways and adopted a certain practice that was designed to destroy the so called â€Å"tyrants† during that time.On the first part of the book, Fanon devoted many pages to the veil and its political importance:â€Å"For the tourist and the foreigner, the veil demarcates both Algerian society and its feminine counterpart.† (A dying colonialism, pg. 35-36)There is a certain complexity of the role of the veil in the Algerian revolution. There have been issues with European bosses trying to put their male Algerian employees on the corner by demanding that they bring their wives to company functions. So the dilemma is that if they agree to do as their bosses wish, they are going against their cultural ruling out against women being on display but if they decline, they would be risking their jobs they risked losing their jobs.† And so, as Fano n has stated,â€Å"The rape of the Algerian woman in the dream of a European†¦is always preceded by a rending of the veil.† (A Dying Colonialism, pg. 45)On the first part of the book, one could see that Fanon emphasized the fact how women are distinguished during those times. The veil distinguishes an Algerian from a foreigner, and was stated in the page of the book below, one could see that Fanon took care in reiterating the fact that there are very clear distinctions on the society during those times.â€Å"In the case of an Algerian man, on the other hand, regional medications can be noted: the fez in urban centers, turbans, and djellabas in the countryside. The masculine garb allows a certain, margin of choice, a modicum of heterogeneity. The woman seen in her white veil unifies the perception that one has of Algerian feminine society. Obviously, what we have here is a uniform which tolerates no modifications, no variant.The haik very clearly demarcates the Algerian colonized society. it is of course possible to remain hesitant before a little girl, but all uncertainty vanishes at the time of puberty. With the veil, the things become well-defined and ordered. The Algerian woman in the eyes of the observer, Is unmistakably â€Å"she who hides behind the veil† (A Dying Colonialism, pg. 36)From the phrases above, one could see that there are certain way accepted way on how people should go about things. And that is what they wanted to change. They wanted to change the image of a traditional woman and they have transformed and defined women in a different light.That was why their political doctrine at that time was that â€Å"If we want to destroy the structure of Algerian society, its capacity for resistance, we must first conquer the women; we must go and find them behind their veil where they hide themselves and in the houses where men keep them out of sight† (pg.38) It was a very striking and very meaningful phrase such that it im plies the power that women have that they think they haven’t explored yet.By finding these women behind their veil, it not only implies letting them know what they really are and should be, but it is also an implication that there are options that are yet to be explored in the governance of a country as rigid as Algeria during those times. If women can be conquered and put to use, there is so much unexpected things that can happen. The mind of a woman is yet to be explored and exploited and by un-inhibiting them from self-expression, the possibilities of changing the Algerian society are infinite.A Dying Colonialism is a story of the liberation and newly discovered power Fanon claims that the Algerian women have struggled for and succeeded through their active involvement in the Algerian. It was also implied in the book that Fanon believed that the recent victory of women for respect and equality held by the prominent women was permanent, an indication of the outlook on †Å"modern,† socialist, revolutionary Algeria.

PR and HER professional

How to evaluated and chose several selection devices such as interview or ability tests to reject or accept applicants. To evaluated and chose whether or not to utilize integrity testing and drug jesting. Introduction The human resources department will go through a number of steps of selection of candidates for the new office. There will be important process and procedure for recruitment and selection by the help of interviews and other techniques.In any business process the steps for formal selection and recruitment are based on the important motive. It ensures that the candidates are put in the right place for particular roles and responsibilities in an organization. Legal Aspects Here are the following laws legislation impacting the recruitment and election process that are to be taken care before a person can be recruited for the new facility.Equal Pay Act 1970 Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Race Relations Act 1976/Amendment Act 2000 Parental Leave Regulations 1 999 The Disability Discrimination Act 1 996, 2005, 2006 EX. Directive 1000/78/SEC on Equal Treatment in Employment Equal Act 2006 work and Families Act 2006 The general philosophy of equality legislation is that individuals are treated right and not judged on the basis of their external characteristics such as age, gender but on individual merit; that is the general rule and violation of it institutes discrimination.Equality legislation does not prevent selection on the basis of merit (Purcell, 2003). Preliminary screening This step will be carried out in three stages because the preliminary screening should only filter out the candidates who cannot become part of the company even after the required training and mentoring because they lack the basic aptitude level required to imbibe the functional expertise along with the organizational behavior of the company.These candidates whose career and personal goals are not in line with the organizational goals need to be laminated at this stage (Purcell, 200 3). Resume shortening The first step pertains to the resume shortening which will be done to see if the candidate has any inclination towards the products offerings of the company and is dynamic enough to become part of the company. It depends on the functional expertise and the job description whether the candidate fulfills the required prerequisites like education, extracurricular, professional courses etc.This stage is crucial as it will enlist the qualify set of the prospective candidates (sermon, 2007). Written test The next step is to conduct the written test which will be designed to test the candidate basic knowledge regarding the recent trends in the technological products. This will be aimed at eliminating the students who look good on paper but lack the practical knowledge about the industry. This stage would enlist the consideration set of candidates that are to be considered for the later stage.Group discussion This stage will aim at weeding out the candidates who do no t have group communication skills which is required for inter-functional interactions and negotiations. This company is a geographically diverse organization; the products are a result Of the massive inter-functional conflicts and resolutions. Any individual who become a part of the company should have the ability to put across his or her thoughts effectively and clearly to avoid confusions.This stage will make sure that the candidate can work in a dynamic work environment to go to the next stage because they will be able to manage the inter-personal conflicts arising out the difference in the expertise and functional aspects of an individual (Purcell, 2003). Group interview Candidates who go through group interview process will be pitted against each other to bring out the best in them and see how they perform in peer pressure situations.This will make them bring out all the knowledge which can be further used to judge if they have enough technical knowledge. This stage will bring out the best in an individual and make the recruiter understand the inner skills of the candidate and the ability to perform under extreme completive forces in and outside the company (Keeps and Delver, 2007). Persona interview This stage of the selection process is the most crucial as this will understand the innermost drives and ambitions of the candidate.This will determine if the candidate fits well with the goals of the organizational culture of the company. This stage is the most crucial of all stages as this will let the recruiter know the goals, aspirations, abilities and the manner that is not possible with any other methods. The interview should be both functional, which will judge the technical expertise required to carry out the roles and responsibilities of the candidate and HER interview will judge the overall resonantly of the candidates (Armstrong 2008). Functional The first personal intent. IEEE is aimed at understanding the technical knowledge in depth and cross qu estioning in order to make sure if the candidate is theoretically driven and understand the concepts as well. This round will be more rigorous for product development, logistics, operations, R and D less for sales and marketing, PR and HER professional. The interview should be unstructured in order to provide maximum control to the candidate because this is not an elimination round but a selection round. This will ensure that anxiety is reduced and the candidate performs at his or her best (Allen and White 2007).HER This round of interview will play a deciding role in the hiring of the candidate as it will decide further if the candidate fits well in the job description. This round can be considered as a formality for some candidate as they fit to the requirement of the company as judged in the previous rounds. It is essential to finally ask the perspective employees about their long term goals and short term goals and how they are going to fulfill them by working for the organizati on (Allen and White 2007). References Allen, M. R. ND White, p. (2007) Strategic management and HARM, in Oxford Handbook of Human Resources Management, deed Peter Boxful, John Purcell and Patrick Wright, Oxford University Press, Oxford Armstrong, M. (2008). Strategic Human Resources Management: A Guide to Action Fourth edition, United Kingdom, Kananga Page Limited Keeps, S. , & Delver,J. E. (2007). HARM systems and the problem of internal fit. In p. Boxful, J. Purcell & P. M. Wright (DES. ), the handbook of human resources management (up. 385-404). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

White Collar Crimes (Embezzlement)

Introduction I’m here to talk about the dangers of embezzlement. Throughout my discussion I will discuss the underlying factor to the rise in the rate of embezzlement. We will also look at how a few big embezzlement schemes have influenced their business and their business’s industry. Because of this growing threat we will look at some factors that perpetrators are affected by that might influence him/her to commit company theft which can aid to help further prevent and detect company theft.Lastly I will discuss some preventable measures and steps companies can take to further detect criminal activity within their business, specifically employees who handle cash flow. What is Embezzlement? So what is embezzlement? The federal bureau of investigation defines embezzlement as the misappropriation or misapplication of money or property entrusted to one’s care, custody, or control. Embezzlement in Businesses (What is Embezzlement? ) – General and Relevant Facts All types and sizes of businesses can be victims to embezzlement (small/large businesses as well as non-profit and government entities).Businesses have to be vigilant when dealing with criminal activity which is especially true for small businesses. The Association for Certified Fraud has found that 39% of all fraud occurred in companies with fewer than 99 employees. Up to an astonishing 30% of small businesses fail due to criminal activity. It is estimated that small businesses faces on average $190,000 loss due to embezzlement compared to the $159,000 for average sized businesses. Why is it rising?It isn’t a disputed fact that the rate of criminal activity increases during a time of economic recession and in difficult economic conditions, businesses are struggling to compete for fewer business opportunities. This creates an incentive for companies to deviate from proper business practices and engage in fraudulent activity to maintain revenue. This idea can be depicted in t his quote, â€Å"Some individuals, especially small business owners, become obsessed with a failing business endeavor, cannot walk away from it, and will go to ‘extraordinary’ measures to keep the business going† (Lindquist & Goldberg, 2009)There was evidence of an increase in company theft during the economic downturns of 1987, 1991, and 2001. For example just after the savings and loans crisis in the 1990s arrests shot up by 52% and during the recession in the early 2000s criminal activity increased by 25% From this we can conclude that there is definitely a correlation between a recession and a rise in embezzlement. Impacts of embezzlement According to David O’ Friedrichs, a criminal justice professor at University of Scranton stated â€Å"white-collar crimes have further, reaching, deeper and more lasting impact than street crime. Thefts by employees are of the most costly problems facing new and existing businesses. Experts have shown company theft h as the potential to reach 240$ billion dollars which includes intellectual property stolen during that year. It isn’t a surprise that the cost of embezzlement is two to three times than that of street crimes. Also 30-50% of all businesses affected by embezzlement fail. Other potential effects include increase in taxes, lost investments, and increase in unemployment. Guarantee Building & Loan AssociationOn December 9th, 1930 Gilbert, the founder of Guarantee Building & Loan Association was found to have embezzled an estimated $8,000,000 which in today’s amount would be $100,000,000. Many local businesses and individuals were crushed by his embezzlement scheme. According to TIME Magazine â€Å"no less than 2,500 Guaranty depositors have gone to the poorhouse or the insane asylum, some 30 have committed suicide†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This example demonstrates the extreme ripple effects of a multi-million dollar scheme. Commonwealth Building & Loan AssociationDuring the winter of 1955, Minnie Magnum, the assistant secretary-treasurer was accused of misappropriated an estimated 3 million dollars (36 million dollars in today’s amount). This scheme was highly publicized because the scheme lasted for up to 22 years before detection. This demonstrates the evasive nature of embezzlement. In the end the Commonwealth Building & Loan Association had to file for bankruptcy. This is only one of the many businesses that fail due to embezzlement. Brunei’s Battle Royale Brunei is a small country that consists of 300,000.Their council consisted of people in royalty with high positions in their government and key businesses. It became a big story when Prince Jefri Bolkiah was accused of embezzling billions from the state treasury and his businesses. Not only was he the finance minister for his country, he also was the chairman of the Brunei Investment Agency, and head of Amedeo Group which pretty much increased his opportunity for criminal activity. John M. Ca llagy, a lawyer who represents Amedeo Hotels Ltd. , estimated Prince Jefri to have siphoned off $40 billion. The small country of Brunei needs the mission billions to help recast its economy.This example demonstrates how even government entities can also be vulnerable to theft. Behavioral Characteristics of White Collar Criminals Now that we have a better grasp on the dangers of a multi-million/billion dollar embezzlement scheme we can go onto discussing what exactly motivates perpetrators to steal from their company. Dr. Donald R. Cressey believes understanding factors that influence white collar criminals to steal from their company can manifest in helping society create better procedures to reduce the rate of embezzling during an economic recession.Dr. Cressey believes there are internal and other factors when it comes to why people violate company trust. The classic fraud triangle theory can also aid us in realizing the mentality behind company theft by employees. The fraud tria ngle theory states that there must be three basic elements for fraud to come about – they are opportunity, incentive/pressure, and rationalization/attitude. The classic fraud triangle theory can be linked to behavioral characteristics of white collar criminals. Internal Factors (Incentive/Pressure)An internal factor or conflict that an embezzler faces when he makes the decision to commit the crime is based behind the idea of personal failure. For example if an individual loses the majority of his savings because of a gambling addiction, Dr. Cressey believes that individual will commit to embezzling because he/she has too much self-respect and pride to tell his family, friends, and company (employer) of how he exhausted all his money. So to continue to support his friends and family financial he has a greater incentive/pressure to steal from his company to support his lifestyle.Other â€Å"personal failures† include shopping addiction, substance abuse, entrepreneurial f ailure, investment failure etc. â€Å"Other† Factors (Rationalization/Attitude) Other factors that influence employees to commit company theft is based on the idea behind entitlement belief – he/she believes they are more deserving of the money which ties in with the attitude element of the classic fraud triangle theory. Other factors also include financial need, supporting a personal business, and supporting a significant other which ties in with the rationalization element.How do we tie these factors to preventing and detecting? As of now there is not enough data to fully explain the embezzlement phenomenon in a psychological stand point. The psychologies behind these factors as well as the classic fraud triangle theory is essential and should be dissected further to better create procedures to help reduce the rate of embezzlement. I believe once enough research is done there can be changes to the hiring strategies for prospective employees. Preventing and Detecting: The Steps How society views white collar crimes have slowly been evolving.In the past many people viewed white collar crimes to be victimless; that perpetrator did not deserve a long prison sentence. Nowadays we understand how dangerous and harm a huge embezzlement scheme can inflict. The shift in society’s mentality behind white collar crimes emphasizes the need for polices to be implemented to safeguard against potential scandals especially during an economic recession. Step 1: Create a Policy Many companies think it is unnecessary to create a policy that states stealing is wrong.In reality this step is one of the most important and effective step a company can take to diminish company theft. Creating a policy against company theft helps creates the idea that the company is always aware of their employees and that they will not tolerate criminal activity within the workplace. Secondly, this is important because there are grey areas and company theft needs to be defined. Ex amples can include not knowing when to actually charge the company credit card to pay for meals or using the company phone for certain calls, etc.Step 2: Creating Checks and Balances One of the biggest reasons small companies are more vulnerable to embezzlement is because they do not have checks and balances that established businesses have. For example they could be a recently established business and there can be a few or one employee controlling the majority of the positions that handle cash flow. This creates a bigger opportunity for that employee to embezzle money from the company. Creating checks and balances decreases the opportunity element.One checks and balances procedures a company can commit to is a separation of duties as implied earlier. Meaning different people should handle different positions within the business. Companies should designate different employees who deal with cash receipts and deposits, cash disbursements and electronic fund transfer operations, and ba nk reconciliation. Another effective control procedure includes internal audit procedures for monitoring cash, accounting for transactions, and preparation of financial statement. Companies can also cross-train employees, require vacation time, reate a periodic financial check for their employees, and separate and monitor payroll functions to help decrease the overall rate of embezzlement in our economy. In general, the company should â€Å"follow the cash trail. † Step 3: Inspecting your employees Focusing on finding the right employee for a position is extremely important, especially for a position that handles cash flow. Some tools companies can use to help them along the hiring process would be using an employment agency. Administering drug and background checks. Of course monitoring employees does not stop there.Inspecting your employees should be an on-going process. Companies can hire an independent CPA to provide a periodic audit of dual controls and theft prevention which allows for better scrutiny of their employees because they will not know when they are going to be investigated. Lastly the company can review employee expense reports to check for illegal spending. Step 4: Setting an example/practicing zero tolerance Setting an example for people who have embezzled money can be an effective method to help deter others from doing the same.Conclusion Now that we realize there is a growing threat for the rise in the rate of embezzlement, there is a stronger emphasis for the need of companies to establish the controls procedures to help prevent and detect embezzlement. Hopefully in the future there will be more studies on the behavioral traits of embezzlers which can be a very important to helping finding the right candidate for a position. Companies without crime prevention and detection measures are sure to be more susceptible to business failure.